Cholera in Nepal: Examining the Role of Environmental Factors in Disease Incidence and Mortality

Abstract

In most cases, contaminated food and water sources are the cause of diarrheal disease, which is one of the world's most severe leading causes of child mortality and morbidity. The second most common cause of death for children under five is illness caused by diarrhea. It is curable and also preventable. Diarrhea, transmitted via fecal–oral route, is caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminthes. In developing countries with insufficient sanitation, cleanliness, and access to clean water, cholera is an epidemic that spreads from person to person. A cross-sectional secondary review and quantitative study was done to assess the ten years trend of cholera incidence and mortality as well as relationship between cholera cases and Environmental factors. For this study, secondary data was used. In addition, desk review was conducted to analyze previous study reports, articles and literatures to examine the association between the disease incidences and associated environmental factors in Nepal. The Government of Nepal plan and implement various programs for prevention and treatment, cholera incidence and deaths are still present in the country. Cholera outbreaks continue to occur at different times and places in Nepal, causing serious problems. This study shows that the water Scarcity, open defecation and hand washing practices are still prevalent in Nepal and cholera incidence and related deaths continue to occur