The Resurgence of Russian Diplomacy in South Asia: Relations with India and Strategic Interests Centered on Afghanistan

Abstract

This research describes the resurgence of Russian diplomacy in South Asia with a focus on its evolving relations with India and strategic interests in Afghanistan. Against the backdrop of major geopolitical changes particularly since 2014 and post-2021. This research seeks how Moscow has recalibrated its foreign policy to reassert impact in a region long dominated by Western and regional powers. By examining two core research questions how Russia has redefined its diplomatic engagement with India and what strategic motivations underpin its increasing involvement in Afghanistan. This study purpose to shed light on the shifting dynamics of Russian foreign policy in South Asia. This research formulating a qualitative approach rooted in descriptive and analytical systems. This research draws on a various array of sources such as academic literature, policy reports, official documents and think-tank analyses. Through content and comparative analysis the study traces Russia’s diplomatic and strategic behavior over time with a especial emphasis on key developments following the annexation of Crimea and the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan. Theoretically this research described the lenses of Realism, Neorealism and Constructivism to analyzed Russia's resurgence. Realism and Neorealism helped explain Russia’s pursuit of power, security and strategic depth especially through enduring treaties with India and tactical engagement with the Taliban regime. Constructivism adds depth by considering Russia’s ideological identity, historical affiliations and its quest for global recognition. Together, these frameworks offer a comprehensive understanding of Moscow’s motivations ranging from hard security concerns to identity-driven diplomacy and how these shape its contemporary process in South Asia. The findings suggest that Russia’s actions reflect both pragmatic responses to structural opportunities in a multipolar world and a broader aspiration to reaffirm its status as a international power