Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds in Schizomussaenda Henryi Oil by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Alagbe John Olujimi

doi:10.59890/ijaamr.v3i9.114

Authors

Alagbe John Olujimi Gandhi College of Agriculture, Rajasthan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijaamr.v3i9.114

Keywords:

Antimicrobial, Antibiotics, Bioactive compounds, Free Radicals, Distillation

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the bioactive compounds in Schizomussaenda henry B i oil by Gas Chromatography –Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Oil from Schizomussaenda henryi oil was extracted using steam distillation technique. Evaluation of Schizomussaenda henryi oil reveals the presence of 39 bioactive compounds representing 88.56 %. The major bioactive compounds identified by GC-MS were; α-Phellandrene (16.31 %), 4-Trifluoroacetoxytetradecane (11.92 %), 9,17-Octadecadienal (9.12 %), Palmitoleic acid (8.72 %), Squalene (8.52 %), α-Panasinsene (6.77 %), β-Pinene (5.72 %), β-Phellandrene (5.11 %) and Naphthalene (4.08 %) while Benzene,1,4-dichloro (0.01 %), Hexatriacontane (0.03 %), 2-Ethylhexyl mercaptoacetate (0.07 %), Humulene epoxide II (0.07 %) amongst others were found in lower concentrations. These compounds contain a cocktail of phyto-compounds with therapeutic properties including, anti-inflammatory, immuno-stimulatory, antifungal, antiviral, anti-helminthic, antidiabetic, hepato-protective, gastro-protective, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic. They also show strong antibacterial action against some pathogenic organisms and neutralize the activities of free radicals. They can also reduce the increasing cases of antimicrobial resistance or multi-drug resistance

References

Alagbe Olujimi John (2024). Bioactive profiling of essential oil of Terminalia arjuna stem bark collected from Orathur village, Tamilnadu, india. Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 1(1): 1-4.

Alagbe Olujimi John (2024). Influence of dietary supplementation of Terminalia arjuna stem bark on the growth performance, carcass evaluation, oxidative stress and caecal microbial count of guinea fowl. Journal of Animal and Plant Biology, 1(1): 1-10.

Alagbe Olujimi John (2024). Novel phytogenics’ impact on weaned pig’s growth performance, haematology and serum biochemical indicators. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 7(2): 82-89.

Alagbe, J.O and Anorue, D.N. (2025). Essential oils from Theobroma cacao leaf supplementation in the diet of weaned rabbits: effects on growth performance. Nutrition and Food Processing, 8(1): 1-8

Alagbe, J.O. (2025). Accessing the bioactive compounds of Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf extract by GC-MS. International Journal of Global Sustainable Research, 3(9): 617-626.

Alagbe, J.O., Anaso, E.U., Anorue, D.N and Zubairu, H. (2025). Influence of Chrimilaena odorata leaf extract on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of weaned rabbits. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Social Sciences, 3(8): 1191-1211.

Alagbe, J.O., Anaso, E.U., Zubairu, H and Anorue, D.N. (2025). Laptadenia hastate and Cedrus brevifolia oil: effect on growth performance, caecal microbial population, fermentation and haematological indices of weaner rabbits. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Social Sciences, 3(9): 1213-1228.

Alagbe, J.O., Anuore, D.N and Erikanobong, F. (2024). Impact of dietary supplementation of Persea americana stem bark on the growth performance and some haematological indices of weaner rabbits. World Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2(2): 49-56.

Alagbe, J.O., Bamigboye, S., Nwosu, G.C., Agbonika, D.A and Kadiri Mercy Cincinsoko. (2023). Characterization of bioactive compounds in Luffa aegyptiaca leaf ethanolic extracts using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Drug Discovery, 2023; 17:e10dd1011.

Alagbe, J.O., Kadiri, M.C., Oluwafemi, R.A., Agubosi, O.C.P and Anorue, D.N. (2023). Analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extracts of Xylopia aethiopica leaves using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry technique. American Journal of Science on Integration and Human Development, 1(1): 1-10.

Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D., Ojediran, T.K., Anaso, E.U and Anuore, D.N. (2025). Bioactive profiling of the essential oil from the leaves of Arbus procatorious in Rajasthan, India. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Social Science, 3(7): 1071-1078.

Alagbe, J.O., Shittu, M.D., Ojediran, T.K., Omokore, E.A., Oluwayinka, E.O., Anorue, D.N., Bamigboye, S and Effiong, E. (2024). Dietary supplementation of Ocotea aciphylla essential oil: effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. World Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 2(2): 43-49.

Alejandro, G.D., S.G. Razafimandimbison and S. Liede-Schumann. (2005). Polyphyly of Mussaenda inferred from ITS and trnT-F data and ITS implication for generic limits in Mussaendeae (Rubiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 92: 544–557.

Alhage J, Elbitar H, Taha S, Guegan JP, Dassouki Z, Vives T, Benvegnu T. (2018). Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Calicotome villosa Stems. Molecules. 2018;23:851.

Bremer, B and M. Thulin. (1998). Collapse of Isertieae, re-establishment of Mussaendeae, and a new genus of Sabiceeae (Rubiaceae); phylogenetic relationships based on rbcL data. PL. Syst. Evol. 211: 71–92.

Daniel Nnadozie Anorue, Friday Ubong and Alagbe Olujimi John (2023). Investigating the effects of pawpaw (Carica papaya) essential oil dietary supplementation on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3): 164 - 174.

Deng, W.Z., 2002. Medicinal baths in Yao nationality. Ethnic Guide 11, 47.

Deng, X.F., Jiang, X.X., Zhang, W.J., 2001. The medicinal plants used for mediciinal bathe on the Dragon Festival. Journal of Lingling Teachers College 22, 86.

Hedberg, I., 1993. Botanical methods in ethnopharmacology and the need for conservation of medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 38, 121–128

Hernandez, M and Alagbe, J.O. (2025a). Influence of Abrus procatorious crude oil supplementation on the growth performance, Nutrient digestibility, Ruminal fermentation and Microbial population of Malabari Bucks. International Journal of Global Sustainable Research, 3(7): 527-538.

Hernandez, M and Alagbe, J.O. (2025b). Influence of Odontonema strictum oil on the growth performance and Ruminal fermentation of Barbari bucks. Research in: Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 9(2):1-10.

Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangxi Region, 1988. Directory of Medicinal Plants of Guizhou. People’s press of Guangxi, China.

Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guizhou Province, 1988. Directory of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Guizhou. People’s Press of Guizhou, China

Kujur RS, Singh V, Ram M, Yadava HN, Singh KK, Kumari S et al. (2010). Antidiabetic activity and phytochemical screening of crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2010;2(4):258

Lan, H.M., Chen, B.T., Yang, L., Qian, J., 2004. Application of drug bath with herb medicine in cutis section. Chinese Journal of the Practical Chinese with Modern Medicine 17, 3824–3825

Li, R., Long, C.L., 2000. Studies on Yao ethnomedicine in Jinping of Yunnan. Journal of Chinese Medicine 35, 775–779.

Li, S.T., 1991. Medicinal baths can cure obstinate diseases. Jilin Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacy 2, 18–19.

Liu, Y.H., Ding, F., 1995. Summarization of Yao nationality and medicine. Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 5, 24–25.

Liu, Z.W., 1994. Evaluation of traditional Chinese medicinal baths remedy. Journal of Zhejiang Traditional Medicine 29, 132–133.

Long, C.L., Li, R., 2004. Ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants used by the Red-headed Yao People in Jinping, Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90, 389–395.

Ojediran, T.K., Emiola, I.A., Durojaye, V and Alagbe, J.O (2024a). Proximate, vitamin and GC-MS profiling of Kigella africana powder. Cerrado: Agricultural and Biological Research, 1(1): 13-20.

Ojediran, T.K., Emiola, I.A., Durojaye, V and Alagbe, J.O. (2024b). Analysis of Kigellia africana fruit’s powder antioxidant and phytochemical properties. Brazilian Journal of Science, 3(7): 38-49.

Olaiya OO, Ojebode ME, Karigidi KO. (2016). Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils of Cymbopogon citrates and Citrus sinensis. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 16(1):1-10.

Saha L, Sultana T, Jahan T, Kundu P, Biswas B, Acharyya RN, et al. (2021). Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of ethanol leaves extract of Hydnocarpus kurzii (King) Warb. Trop. J Nat. Prod. Res 2021;5(2):324-30.

Seroke Molefi and Manoharan Karuppiah Pillai. (2021). Antioxidant activity of extracts from Searsia dentate. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2021; 9(6): 16-21.

Shittu, M.D and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Phyto-nutritional profiles of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. International Journal of Integrated Education. 3(11): 119-124

Singh Sharma., Alagbe Olujimi John., Liu Xing., Sharma Ram and Kumar Amita (2022). Comparative analysis of ethanolic Juniperus thurifera leaf, stem bark and root extract using gas chromatography and mass spectroemetry. International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production, 2(6): 18-27.

Sumei Li, Chunlin Long, Fengyan Liu, Sangwoo Lee, Qi Guo, Rong Li, Yuheng Liu (2006). Herbs for medicinal baths among the traditional Yao communities of China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 108 (2006) 59–67.

Velu G, Palanichamy V, Rajan A.P.(2018). Phytochemical and pharmacological importance of plant secondary metabolites in modern medicine. In Bioorganic Phase in Natural Food: An Overview 2018:135-56.

Wang, Y., Zhong, G.Z., 2004. Medicinal baths of Zang nationality-regards of snowy altiplano. China Healthcare Nutrition 2, 14–16.

Xiao, P.G., Lian, W.Y., 1999. The Illustrated Medicinal Plants of China. China Agriculture Press.

Xu, J.C., Yang, Y.P., Zhou, Z.K., Wu, S.G., Huang, T.G., Pei, S.J., Pu, Y.D., Chen, S.Y., 2002. Synthesis Scientific Investigation Report Collection of Fenshui Mountain Natural Reserve in Jinping, Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, China, p. 4.