Strengthening Logistics and Distribution Systems in the Implementation of Free Nutritious Meal Programs in Secondary Schools

Abstract

The Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program is a strategic policy to improve the nutritional status and health of students. However, its effectiveness at the school level is often constrained by operational factors, especially the logistics and distribution system that is not optimal, as indicated at SMAN 2 Bitung City. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the logistics and distribution system of the MBG Program and formulate a strengthening strategy based on the direct experience of stakeholders. The research uses a qualitative approach with an instrumental case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 key informants (SPPG managers, teachers, students, parents, and logistics providers), passive participatory observation, and documentation studies. The data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke's models. The research findings crystallize in three main themes. First, operational disruption due to routine distribution delays, especially on Fridays, which disrupted study schedules and reduced the benefits of the program for students. Second, fragmented coordination and reactive communication between actors, supported by weak handover point infrastructure and information systems. Third, the opportunity for transformation towards a responsive system, characterized by a collective awareness of the need for simple technology and cross-sector collaboration to create a more reliable and efficient supply chain. The conclusion of this study is that the logistical constraints of MBG are systemic and rooted in weak communication and coordination governance. System strengthening not only requires technological intervention, but first requires the construction of a structured collaboration platform among all stakeholders. Strategic recommendations in the form of the implementation of an integrated communication system and the structuring of supply chain management are proposed to improve the timeliness, accountability, and ultimately success of the program in achieving its nutrition and education goals